SOLUTION - Marketing Analysis Of Ecostore Quality Vs Quantity

Question: Describe about the Marketing Analysis of Ecostore for Quality vs Quantity. Answer: Introduction Mr. Malcolm Rand along with his three other friends identified a land (approx. 150 acre) in North land of New Zealand to build an Eco-village in 1984 and started living there with their families, from 1985. In the beginning they dont have any house but they camped in tents and caravans for making their dream real. Eventually they built six houses there, that cluster together to form a living community. The idea behind the project, to build an eco-village, was Permaculture i.e. looking after the land and the neighbours / a self-sustaining agricultural system. In their regular practice they stopped using pesticides, fungicides and artificial fertilisers which may cause problem in future. After living there for some time, Mr. Rand mindfully watched that the water coming out of the houses due to cleaning of home, household things, human body by using laundry detergents, utensil wash detergents, shampoos, conditioners, soaps, moisturisers etc, end up in waterways and polluting the natural water of the land. These detergents, soaps etc are made up of harsh and harmful chemicals which also cause harm to human body(Ecostore, 2016). Then Mr. Rand with the help of some intelligent and curious people tried to find out an alternate solution to this and shortly they came out with some eco-friendly solution. In 1993 the family of Malcolm Rands with his wife Melanie had made launching of a small business through mail order to supply green products everyday household products. Thus the journey of Ecostore stared. With the time and as per market demand they made expansion of over 100 products with the aid of enormous formulation and makeover of design. In order to sustain in the market Ecostore repositioning it is proposition, focusing it is key uniqueness Health(Williams, 2016). Marketing Background of Ecostore Ecostore develop healthier products, with nontoxic or unnecessary chemicals, for their customers. They also need to make a commitment that their products are at par with the main stream brands. Their experts developed the products related to laundry requirements driven by the philosophy, Health First, which is continuing till date. In case the doubt arises regarding the safety of any products related to the health of people or environment, the option of safer alternative is to be found out. Focus of Ecostore on health created a loyal customer base for them. They develop their products under the able guidance and direction of Sir Ray Avery a lead formulator and chemist. Their customer number grows day by day. For the ease of operation and to give them better service to their customer Ecostore have opened their retail store in Auckland. Ecostore have the expansion of product with the range of household cleaner, varieties of body care and that of baby care. In 2002, the company did the launching of their products into New Zealand supermarket which was followed subsequently by Australia in 2004 and USA in 2009(Soo, 2011). In order to remain in the business for long time the company have to retain their valued customers and develop new customers, which may be termed as sustainable marketing. Sustainable marketing in general, is involved by building and maintaining sustainable relationship with the target audience keeping an eye on the issues of social and the natural environment. Sustainable marketing is sharing the orientation of relationship of marketing in long term by not entertaining conventional transaction focus of short term. The process of integrating the social and environmental criteria into the area of conventional marketing things and processes is a part of transaction of sustainability marketing. Strategies used of Ecostore Main products, services, suppliers and customers of the company Starting from 1993 till today Ecostore have developed and marketed more than 100 products. The main category of these products are Laundry wash, Dish wash, hand and Body Wash, Skin Care, Baby care Ultra Sensitive Products. All these products are made out of ingredients from earthly materials like plant and mineral which are with the source of natural and renewable sources and are bio degradable and have with the rating of lowest hazard considering the factor of safety related to human health and environment. To resolve any doubt rose in the product, related to the safety of human health or environment, a suitable safer alternate is used(Leung, 2014). We see that the products of Ecostore are made out of mainly natural resources keeping the safety of human health or environment in view. They stand guaranty for their product. Their customers are mainly health and environment conscious people and are spread across several countries may select their desired products and use them safely and be satisfied(Superioressaypapers, 2016). Pricing So long we have seen about the quality of the products made by Ecostore. Now it is the time to look at the price of these products and where they stand in comparison with their competitors. We have taken the price of the Laundry Powder and compared this with the competitors of Ecostore in the following table Company category Brand Name Price per Kg. (AUD) Eco-Friendly Competitors Earth Choice 6.65 Bosistos 8.00 Earthwise 8.00 Planet Ark 8.35 Eco Store 8.35 Mainstream Competitors Omo 6.00 Fab 4.49 Cold Power 5.00 Radiant 4.66 Surf 4.49 Homebrand 2.44 Select 3.99 The above data show, that Quality wise and Brand wise Ecostore is superior but Price wise it is not a very comfortable position. We also go through a weekly sale statistics of 2014 of the same product, which is as follows Brand Price per Kg. (AUD) Sold Qty. (a week) Omo 6.00 5 Earth Choice 6.65 2 Eco Store 8.35 4 Fab 4.49 5 Cold Power 5.00 0 The second table shows that though the price of Ecostore is high, their sale is more in the Eco-Friendly category. The customer of this category is Healthy and Environment conscious people. So if Ecostore can reduce their price without compromising quality then their sale is definitely going to increase(Risiinfo, 2014). Promotion of Ecostore A successful product or service is that product for which the benefit is transparently communicated to its targeted market. Promotional steps related to marketing of a companys promotional marketing mix which may be consisting of many things. Some of them are as follows Advertising Communication through mass media against some monitory consideration. Public relationship This is an instrument to develop a positive relationship among the organisation along with media and people of the community. A standard public relationship is involved to create publicity in favour through the media as well as by reducing negative situations. Sales promotion This is a very traditional promotional tool which is designed for creation of short term increase in sale by different offers like discount coupons, discount codes as well as Flash Sales. Personal Selling This is an interaction on sales between the sales personnel of a firm and a consumer with one to one basis. Internet Marketing Online placement of advertisements on internet web pages by programmes like Google's Ad Words. Direct mail This process is including sending advertisement mails to the specific target audience. Firms often purchase lists of database containing information like names, postal addresses, e-mails etc for this purpose. This may be of highly effective while thedirect mailrecipients are part of the target market selected by the firm. Social Media Use of social media by the firms with conveying messages on social media like Facebook, Twitter etc. to keep the interest of the customers regarding the firm. Even they usually run promotions, flash sales and discounts to entertain their clients in social media. Sponsorship An organisation or event is being remunerated to use the branding and logo of the firm.Sponsorshipis mainly attached with sporting events; where the costumes of players and decoration of stadiums are covered with the branding of the firm along with the name of the tournament may be done with the firm. Effectivesponsorship needs a huge audience, it is also seen that some smaller firms show interest in sponsoring smaller events in several local areas like school fairs, blood donation camps, local festivals etc(Chapman-Smith, 2013). Message strategy Firms should carefully consider of conveying the message that they want to communicate to their target audience in regard to their promotional strategy. Specific message will be conveyed along with the resultant impact on the reputation of the firm. Media Strategy - The promotional mix message ought to be communicated to the target audience through Newspaper, Radio Broadcasting, TV programmes etc. Company like Ecostore should try to convince more and more people about the benefit of using their products through Internet(Pureadvantage, 2012). Distribution By the journey of more than two decades Ecostore already have a strong distribution system for their products. In spite of that they may also have faced some problem in distribution in some cases. The numbers of customers are also increasing day by day in different parts of the globe. So considering all these things Ecostore must open new distribution points wherever necessary and keep adequate stock to their existing distribution points. Now a day the concept of E-Commerce companies are growing like anything. So Ecostore may also tie up with those companies for reaching more and more people(Ecostore, 2010). Comparison of marketing mix to its competitors The Marketing Mix represents the border between a company and its customers. The relevant concept of green marketing mix is consisting of four (4) Ps - Product, Price, Place and Promotion which sponsors the concept of McCarthy (in 1960) which covered the imagination of collective marketing and had tolerated for the last 50 years, irrespective of so many changes to the Global business along with the area of marketing. Product - A producer with the offering of ecological products which should not disturb the environment instead should be proactive to ensure protection of environment with the effort to liquidate the pre-existing environmental damages. Price The price tag of such finished goods might be with a higher range than conventional products of same type. But the target audience (health and environment conscious people) is ready to pay some extra for those green products. Place Logistic management of distribution is of vital importance; with the specific focal point is to be given on packaging of ecological compliance, so that the product inside should remain fresh. It is easier to market local and seasonal products like vegetables from regional farm houses which are flexible in nature with easy availability rather than any imported products. Promotion - A communication so far the market is concerned, is to be made with a patient and perseverant approach related to aspects of environment, e.g. the company with the TQM objective had possessed a CP certificate or ISO 14000 certificate, which can be instrumental for pollicisation of improved firms reputation and goodwill. Secondly the money spends by the company on entail protection to be informed to their customers as well as to the society through media advertisement. Thirdly, sponsoring / protecting the natural environment up to the fullest extent a company can, is also treated as equally important. Last but the least, products with ecological features, which they produce, need sales promotions of special category(Padmaja, 2010). Recommendation to improve So long we have discussed about the products, quality of the products, customers of the company, pricing of the products, the distribution system, marketing strategy, marketing mix etc. In every step there are scopes of development. The company should try to reduce or stop the use of chemicals wherever they are using till date and move towards more superior quality. The price of the products of Ecostore is in higher side compared to their Eco-Friendly Competitors what we have seen in the pricing part. So they should endeavour to reduce the same or add more value to their product without incurring any additional cost. So that their customer should be delighted to use Ecostore products and realise the effectiveness of the money spend by them. Their distribution channel / system should be so good that a remote customer can get his / her desired product in a reasonable time. Time to time Ecostore should review their area wise customer concentration and change/ make their distribution channel accordingly(Ahamed, 2013). Customer is the key person of any business, so the marketing people of Ecostore should be always in regular touch with their customers. They should take feedback from them about the product, the scope of further improvement they need in future, their need about the new product etc and feed those data to the company for continual development and growth. Conclusion Day by day people are realising the necessary of preservation of environment in order to maintain the ecosystem. Every country of the world is now agreeing to reduce the carbon emission rate in order to minimise the global warming. The packaging practice of Kiwi manufacturing company, Ecostore, had been changed from their earlier plastic packaging for its entire products for the purpose to mitigate pollution with taking the stand against global warming. The plastic bottle which they ware used was made from Oil-based products by they have replaced by bottles made from sugarcane. Now the people are also becoming conscious about their health and changing their life style. They have now started using Eco-friendly products in place of harsh chemicals based products. Some developed countries are banning the use of some harmful chemicals. Under this situation there is ample scope of eco-friendly products. More the people will use these types of Eco-Friendly products more we will enjoy living in a green and clean earth. References: Ahamed, S., 2013. Quality vs quantity: Ecostore and MediaWorks Interactive's online experiment. [Online] Available at: https://stoppress.co.nz/didge/quality-vs-quantity-ecostore-and-mediaworks-interactive-reveal-results-online-experiment [Accessed 29 September 2016]. Chapman-Smith, B., 2013. Ecostore head green, keen and seeing red. [Online] Available at: https://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3objectid=11117089 [Accessed 29 September 2016]. Ecostore, 2010. ecostore hits the big time in the Big Apple. [Online] Available at: https://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/BU1003/S00320.htm [Accessed 29 September 2016]. Ecostore, 2016. Ecostore. [Online] Available at: https://www.ecostore.com./pages/our-guarantee [Accessed 29 September 2016]. Leung, C., 2014. Research for Eco-Store. [Online] Available at: https://prezi.com/j-ln4ps1nf9w/research-for-eco-store/ [Accessed 29 September 2016]. Padmaja, R., 2010. Marketing Mix. [Online] Available at: https://www.slideshare.net/jitu9030394490/a-study-on-marketing-mix-competitive-analysis-of-pure-it-hul [Accessed 29 September 2016]. Pureadvantage, 2012. ecostore. [Online] Available at: https://pureadvantage.org/news/2012/03/26/ecostore/ [Accessed 29 September 2016]. Risiinfo, 2014. New Zealands ecostore moves to sugarcane-based packaging from oil-based plastics. [Online] Available at: https://technology.risiinfo.com/packaging-technology/asia-pacific/new-zealand-s-Ecostore-moves-sugarcane-based-packaging-oil-based-plastics [Accessed 29 September 2016]. Soo, S., 2011. "In Ecostore We Trust": Uncovering the Symbolic Meanings Of Sustainable Products Their Use in Building Consumers Self Image. [Online] Available at: https://aut.researchgateway.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10292/1176/SooS.pdf?sequence=4 [Accessed 29 September 2016]. Superioressaypapers, 2016. Conduct a marketing analysis of Ecostore. [Online] Available at: https://superioressaypapers.com/conduct-a-marketing-analysis-of-ecostore/ [Accessed 29 September 2016]. Williams, A., 2016. How ecostore disrupts the traditional brand model. [Online] Available at: https://www.cmo.com.au/article/602224/how-ecostore-disrupts-traditional-brand-model/ [Accessed 29 September 2016].

Who Built The Egyptian Pyramids Essays - Pseudoarchaeology

Who Built the Egyptian Pyramids Who Built the Egyptian Pyramids According to most beliefs, pyramids were built with the help of great armies of slaves, by the ancient pharaohs of Egypt as tombs for preserving their royal bodies. Pyramids were meant to be monuments to the pharaoh's greatness, filled with great treasures for the afterlife. There is only one problem with this popular theory, the Great Pyramid itself contains no pharaoh's body, no treasure chamber, and no treasures. Since no bodies or treasures were found this opens up a door for the possibility that the pyramids were built by aliens using their far-more advanced technology than the Egyptians had 4500 years ago when the pyramids were built. This essay contains proof that the Egyptians did not build the pyramids and will elaborate on: How could the Egyptians build such structures, why the pyramids were built in their location, how long it would take to build these pyramids and how many people. One issue that appears is how have the Egyptians built such massive structures without advanced technology? This structures is thirty times larger than the Empire State Building, the Pyramid's features are so large they can be seen from the Moon. I.E.S. Edwards believes that a very long ramp was used. He says, "only one method of raising heavy weights was open to the ancient Egyptians, namely by means by ramps composed of brick and earth which sloped upwards from the level of the ground to whatever height was desired". There are a few problems with his theory one is that the ramp would probably end up being over a mile long, meaning that the ramp itself would be harder to build than the pyramid. I.E.S. Edwards also says. "Finally, when the wall had been built to its full height, the ramp would be dismantled". Dismantling the ramp would probably take years, and where would all the rocks be put? This long ramp seems very unlikely; even if it were used it would still take over a Pharaoh's lifetime to build. Another interesting issue, is numbers. Calculate the perimeter of the pyramid, and divide it by two times the height, a number that is exactly equivalent to the number pi (3.14159...) up to the fifteenth digit is produced. The chances of this happening are remarkably small. Did the ancient Egyptians know what the number pi was? Not likely, seeing as it was a number not calculated accurately to the fourth digit, until the 6th century; and the pyramids calculate it to the fifteenth. Another interesting fact is that the height of the pyramid (481 feet) is almost exactly 1/1,000,000,000 of the distance from the earth to the sun (480.6 billion feet). How would the Egyptians know how far the earth is from the sun? Another believer of aliens quotes: If you take the line of longitude that the pyramid lies on, and the latitude that the pyramid lies on, 31 degrees north, by 31 degrees west they are the two lines that cover the most combined land area in the world. (In essence, the pyramid is the center of all of the land mass of the whole earth!) . No way the Egyptians knew how to calculate these figures and it is nearly impossible for all these numbers to be coincidental. Only someone more advanced would know these figures. Another important issue is the time it would take to build one of the pyramids. Believers of the Egyptians having built the pyramids say that they were built over a pharaoh's span, which for Khufu who had the largest pyramid built for him was around 20 years. For the average pyramid, 100 heavy rocks that weighed about two tons each had to be carved carried and piled on top of each other per hour. Erich Von Daniken quotes: If the industrious workers had achieved the extraordinary daily piece rate of ten blocks piled on top of each other, they would have assembled the 2,600,000 stone blocks into the magnificent stone pyramid in about 250,000 days-664 years. Six hundred and sixty-four years is a very long life span for a human being. Surely the Egyptians would have encountered problems trying to build a pyramid in at 20-year period. Imagine counting the number of people it would take to build the pyramids. To pull all the stones needed to build the pyramid in a quick amount of time, the Egyptians would need a couple hundred people per block, this would add up to thousands of people which would be impossible to put together in one area. Charles E. Sellier argues, "52,500 men all jammed

TBD Devastator - Douglas TBD Devastator

TBD Devastator - Douglas TBD Devastator TBD-1 Devastator - Specifications: General Length: 35 ft. Wingspan: 50 ft. Height: 15 ft. 1 in. Wing Area: 422 sq. ft. Empty Weight: 6,182 lbs. Loaded Weight: 9,862 lbs. Crew: 3 Number Built: 129 Performance Power Plant: 1 Ãâ€" Pratt Whitney R-1830-64 Twin Wasp radial engine, 850 hp Range: 435-716 miles Max Speed: 206 mph Ceiling: 19,700 ft. Armament Power Plant: 1 Ãâ€" Pratt Whitney R-1830-64 Twin Wasp radial engine, 850 hp Range: 435-716 miles Max Speed: 206 mph Ceiling: 19,700 ft. Guns: 1 Ãâ€" forward-firing 0.30 in. or 0.50 in. machine gun. 1 Ãâ€" 0.30 in. machine gun in rear cockpit (later increased to two) Bombs/Torpedo: 1 x Mark 13 torpedo or 1 x 1,000 lb. bomb or 3 x 500 lb. bombs or 12 x 100 lb. bombs TBD Devastator - Design Development: On June 30, 1934, the US Navy Bureau of Aeronautics (BuAir) issued a request for proposals for a new torpedo and level bomber to replace their existing Martin BM-1s and Great Lakes TG-2s. Hall, Great Lakes, and Douglas all submitted designs for the competition. While Halls design, a high-wing seaplane, failed to meet BuAirs carrier suitability requirement both Great Lakes and Douglas pressed on. The Great Lakes design, the XTBG-1, was a three-place biplane which quickly proved to possess poor handling and instability during flight. The failure of the Hall and Great Lakes designs opened the way for the advancement of the Douglas XTBD-1. A low-wing monoplane, it was of all-metal construction and included power wing folding. All three of these traits were firsts for a US Navy aircraft making the XTBD-1 design somewhat revolutionary. The XTBD-1 also featured a long, low greenhouse canopy that fully enclosed the aircrafts crew of three (pilot, bombardier, radio operator/gunner). Power was initially provided by a Pratt Whitney XR-1830-60 Twin Wasp radial engine (800 hp). The XTBD-1 carried its payload externally and could deliver a Mark 13 torpedo or 1,200 lbs. of bombs to a range of 435 miles. Cruising speed varied between 100-120 mph depending on payload. Though slow, short-ranged, and under-powered by World War II standards, the aircraft marked a dramatic advance in capabilities over its biplane predecessors. For defense, the XTBD-1 mounted a single .30 cal. (later .50 cal.) machine gun in the cowling and a single rear-facing .30 cal. (later twin) machine gun. For bombing missions, the bombardier aimed through a Norden bombsight under the pilots seat. TBD Devastator - Acceptance Production: First flying on April 15, 1935, Douglas quickly delivered the prototype to Naval Air Station, Anacostia for the beginning of performance trials. Extensively tested by the US Navy through the remainder of the year, the X-TBD performed well with the only requested alteration being an enlargement of the canopy to increase visibility. On February 3, 1936, BuAir placed an order for 114 TBD-1s. An additional 15 aircraft were later added to the contract. The first production aircraft was retained for testing purposes and later became the types only variant when it was fitted with floats and dubbed TBD-1A. TBD Devastator - Operational History: The TBD-1 entered service in late 1937 when USS Saratogas VT-3 transitioned off TG-2s. Other US Navy torpedo squadrons also switched to the TBD-1 as aircraft became available. Though revolutionary at introduction, aircraft development in the 1930s progressed at a dramatic rate. Aware that the TBD-1 was already being eclipsed by new fighters in 1939, BuAer issued a request for proposals for the aircrafts replacement. This competition resulted in the selection of the Grumman TBF Avenger. While TBF development progressed, the TBD remained in place as the US Navys frontline torpedo bomber. In 1941, the TBD-1 officially received the nickname Devastator. With the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor that December, the Devastator began to see combat action. Taking part in attacks on Japanese shipping in the Gilbert Islands in February 1942, TBDs from USS Enterprise had little success. This was largely due to problems associated with the Mark 13 torpedo. A delicate weapon, the Mark 13 required the pilot to drop it from no higher than 120 ft. and no faster than 150 mph making the aircraft extremely vulnerable during its attack. Once dropped, the Mark 13 had issues with running too deep or simply failing to explode on impact. For torpedo attacks, the bombardier was typically left on the carrier and the Devastator flew with a crew of two. Additional raids that spring saw TBDs attack Wake and Marcus Islands, as well as targets off New Guinea with mixed results. The highlight of the Devastators career came during the Battle of the Coral Sea when the type aided in sinking the light carrier Shoho. Subsequent attacks against the larger Japanese carriers the next day proved fruitless. The TBDs final engagement came the following month at the Battle of Midway. By this time attrition had become an issue with the US Navys TBD force and Rear Admirals Frank J. Fletcher and Raymond Spruance possessed only 41 Devastators aboard their three careers when the battle began on June 4. Locating the Japanese fleet, Spruance ordered strikes to begin immediately and dispatched 39 TBDs against the enemy. Becoming separated from their escorting fighters, the three American torpedo squadrons were the first to arrive over the Japanese. Attacking without cover, they suffered horrific losses to Japanese A6M Zero fighters and anti-aircraft fire. Though failing to score any hits, their attack pulled the Japanese combat air patrol out of position, leaving the fleet vulnerable. At 10:22 AM, American SBD Dauntless dive bombers approaching from the southwest and northeast struck the carriers Kaga, Soryu, and Akagi. In less than six minutes they reduced the Japanese ships to burning wrecks. Of the 39 TBDs sent against the Japanese, only 5 returned. In the attack, USS Hornets VT-8 lost all 15 aircraft with Ensign George Gay being the only survivor. In the wake of Midway, the US Navy withdrew its remaining TBDs and squadrons transitioned to the newly arriving Avenger. The 39 TBDs remaining in the inventory were assigned to training roles in the United States and by 1944 the type was no longer in the US Navys inventory. Often believed to have been a failure, the TBD Devastators principal fault was simply being old and obsolete. BuAir was aware of this fact and the aircrafts replacement was en route when the Devastators career ingloriously ended. Selected Sources Aviation History: TBD DevastatorHistory of War: TBD Devastator Boeing: TBD Devastator

Popular Conspiracy Theories About Lincolns Assassination

Popular Conspiracy Theories About Lincoln's Assassination Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865) is one of the most famous Presidents of the United States. Volumes are devoted to his life and death. However, historians have yet to unravel the mysteries surrounding his assassination. The Assassination Abraham Lincoln and his wife, Mary Todd Lincoln attended the play, Our American Cousin at Fords Theatre on April 14, 1865. They were to be accompanied by General Ulysses S. Grant and his wife Julia Dent Grant. However, Grant and his wife changed their plans and did not attend the play. The Lincolns attended the play with Clara Harris and Henry Rathbone. During the play, actor John Wilkes Booth entered Lincolns State Box undetected and shot him in the back of the head. He also stabbed Henry Rathbone in the arm. After shooting the President, Booth jumped out of the box onto the stage, broke his left leg and yelled something that some eyewitnesses reported as, Sic Semper Tyrannus (As always to tyrants). Failed Assassinations by Co-conspirators Co-conspirator Lewis Powell (or Paine/Payne) attempted to assassinate Secretary of State William Seward, but only managed to injure him. David Herold accompanied Powell. However, Herold fled before the deed was finished. At the same time, George Atzerodt was supposed to have killed Vice-President, Andrew Johnson. Atzerodt did not go through with the assassination. Booth and Herold escaped the Capital and traveled to Mary Surratts Tavern in Maryland where they picked up supplies. They then traveled to Dr. Samuel Mudds house where Booths leg was set. Lincoln's Death Lincoln was taken to the Petersen House across the street from Fords Theater where he eventually died at 7:22 A.M. April 15, 1865. Secretary of War Edwin Stanton stayed with the Lincolns at the Petersen House and coordinated the efforts to capture the conspirators. Sentences of Deaths of the Conspirators On April 26, Herold and Booth were found hiding in a barn near Port Royal, Virginia. Herold surrendered but Booth refused to come out of the barn so it was set on fire. In the ensuing chaos, a soldier shot and killed Booth. Eight Lincoln conspirators were caught over the next few days and tried by a military court. They were found guilty on June 30 and given various sentences depending upon their involvement. Lewis Powell (Paine), David Herold, George Atzerodt and Mary Surratt were charged with conspiring with Booth along with various other crimes and hanged on July 7, 1865. Dr. Samuel Mudd was charged with conspiring with Booth and sentenced to life in prison. Andrew Johnson eventually pardoned him early in 1869. Samuel Arnold and Michael OLaughlen had conspired with Booth to kidnap President Lincoln and were found guilty and sentenced to life. OLaughlen died in prison but Arnold was pardoned by Johnson in 1869. Edman Spangler was found guilty of helping Booth escape from Fords Theater. He was also pardoned by Johnson in 1869. Pre-Assassination Abduction Was assassination the first goal? The general consensus today is that the first goal of the conspirators had been to kidnap the President. A few attempts to kidnap Lincoln fell through, and then the Confederacy surrendered to the North. Booths thoughts turned to killing the President. Up until recent times, however, there was a great deal of speculation as to the existence of an abduction plot. Some people felt it might be used to exonerate the hanged conspirators. Even the judge advocates feared talk of an abduction plot might lead to an innocent verdict for some if not all of the conspirators. They are believed to have suppressed important evidence such as John Wilkes Booths diary. (Hanchett, The Lincoln Murder Conspiracies, 107) On the other side, some people argued for the existence of a kidnapping plot because it bolstered their desire to connect Booth with a larger conspiracy masterminded by the Confederacy. With the abduction plot established, the question remains: Who was act ually behind and involved in the assassination of the President? The Simple Conspiracy Theory The simple conspiracy in its most basic form states that Booth and a small group of friends at first planned to kidnap the president. This eventually resulted in the assassination. In fact, the conspirators were to also assassinate Vice-President Johnson and Secretary of State Seward at the same time dealing a major blow to the government of the United States. Their goal was to give the South a chance to rise again. Booth saw himself as a hero. In his diary, John Wilkes Booth claimed that Abraham Lincoln was a tyrant and that Booth should be praised just as Brutus was for killing Julius Caesar. (Hanchett, 246) When Abraham Lincoln Secretaries Nicolay and Hay wrote their ten-volume biography of Lincoln in 1890 they presented the assassination as a simple conspiracy. (Hanchett, 102) The Grand Conspiracy Theory Even though personal Secretaries of Lincoln presented the simple conspiracy as the most likely scenario, they acknowledged that Booth and his co-conspirators had suspicious contacts with Confederate leaders. (Hanchett, 102). The Grand Conspiracy theory focuses on these connections between Booth and Confederate leaders in the south. Many variations exist of this theory. For example, it has been said that Booth had contact with Confederate leaders in Canada. It is worth noting that in April 1865 President Andrew Johnson issued a proclamation offering a reward for the arrest of Jefferson Davis in connection with the Lincoln assassination. He was arrested because of the evidence by an individual named Conover who was later found to have given false testimony. The Republican Party also allowed the idea of the Grand Conspiracy to fall by the wayside because Lincoln had to be a martyr, and they did not want his reputation sullied with the idea that anyone would want him killed but a madman. Eisenschmil's Grand Conspiracy Theory This conspiracy theory was a fresh look at the Lincoln assassination as investigated by Otto Eisenschiml and reported in his book Why Was Lincoln Murdered? It implicated the divisive figure Secretary of War Edwin Stanton. Eisenschiml purported that the traditional explanation of Lincolns assassination was unsatisfactory. (Hanchett, 157). This shaky theory is based on the supposition that General Grant would not have changed his plans to accompany the President to the theater on April 14th without an order. Eisenschiml reasoned that Stanton must have been involved in Grants decision because he is the only person other than Lincoln from whom Grant would have taken orders. Eisenschiml goes on to offer ulterior motives for many of the actions Stanton took immediately after the assassination. He supposedly left one escape route out of Washington, the one Booth just happened to take. The presidential guard, John F. Parker, was never punished for leaving his post. Eisenschiml also states th at the conspirators were hooded, killed and/or shipped off to a remote prison so they could never implicate anyone else. However, this is exactly the point where Eisenschimls theory collapses as do most other grand conspiracy theories. Several of the conspirators had ample time and opportunity to speak and implicate Stanton and numerous others if a grand conspiracy truly existed. (Hanchett, 180) They were questioned many times during captivity and, in fact, were not hooded through the entire trial. In addition, after being pardoned and released from prison, Spangler, Mudd, and Arnold never implicated anyone. One would think that men who reportedly hated the Union would relish the thought of toppling the leadership of the United States by implicating Stanton, one of the men instrumental in the Souths destruction. Lesser Conspiracies Numerous other Lincoln assassination conspiracy theories exist. Two of the most interesting, albeit incredible, involve Andrew Johnson and the papacy. Members of Congress tried to implicate Andrew Johnson in the assassination. They even called a special committee to investigate in 1867. The committee could not find any links between Johnson and the killing. It is interesting to note that Congress impeached Johnson that same year. The second theory as proposed by Emmett McLoughlin and others is that the Roman Catholic Church had reason to hate Abraham Lincoln. This is based on Lincolns legal defense of a former Priest against the Bishop of Chicago. This theory is further enhanced by the fact that the Catholic John H. Surratt, the son of Mary Surratt, fled America and ended up in the Vatican. However, the evidence connecting Pope Pius IX with the assassination is dubious at best. Conclusion The assassination of Abraham Lincoln has gone through many revisions during the past 153 years. Immediately following the tragedy, the Grand Conspiracy involving the Confederate leaders was the most widely accepted. Around the turn of the century, the Simple Conspiracy theory had gained a position of prominence. In the 1930s, Eisenschimls Grand Conspiracy theory arose with the publication of Why Was Lincoln Murdered? In addition, the years have been sprinkled with other outlandish conspiracies to explain the assassination. As time has passed, one thing is true, Lincoln has become and will remain an American icon lauded with an impressive strength of will and given credit for saving our nation from division and moral oblivion. Source Hanchett, William. The Lincoln Murder Conspiracies. Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1983.

Paper on The Collapse of the Soviet Union and Its Impact on Eurasia Essay

Paper on The Collapse of the Soviet Union and Its Impact on Eurasia - Essay Example The states themselves had also to grapple with the realities of being on their own, and stitching new alliances with their neighbors and the rest of the world. Many of them saw internal revolutions, while others were content to let the status quo continue for sometime. Today, many of them have vibrant democracies and thriving economies, but this cannot be said of them all. The Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics, or the USSR, was the world’s largest socialist state. When it was created in 1922, it comprised of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus, as well as Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan. By 1956, it comprised of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. Russia was the most powerful of these, and the one that controlled the union. Before the union was dissolved in 1991, it extended from the Arctic ocean to the Afghan border with a population of roughly 293 million. The Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics or the USSR comprised of fifteen republics that were made up of people of varied ethnicities and divergent nationalities. On the 25th. December 1991, the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics was formally dissolved and the fifteen states that comprised the USSR became independent. This also marked the end of the cold war. Alth ough on the face of it, the downfall of the Soviet Union looked sudden, inexplicable and startling, some long term factors provided a slow and gradual decline in its power, while other short term factors provided the trigger that precipitated its collapse. By the 1980s the communist ideology was on the decline, and the idea of the state being "the leading and guiding force of Soviet life the nucleus of its political system, of all state organs and public organs," (Lewin, 1991) was being questioned. Vladimir Lenin’s revolutionary vision of a system

Direct Approach and Communicative Language Teaching Research Proposal

Direct Approach and Communicative Language Teaching - Research Proposal Example The direct approach is therefore based on the theory that learning a second language shares practically the same concepts as learning the first language (Thanasoulas, 2011, par. 5). The basic framework, therefore, emphasizes the need for regular and frequent oral interaction, no translation, using the language with spontaneity, and as the minimal analytical application of grammatical rules and structures of syntax. As disclosed by Thanasoulas, â€Å"the principles of the Direct Method were as follows: (1) classroom instruction was conducted in the target language; (2) there was an inductive approach to grammar; (3) only everyday vocabulary was taught; and (4) concrete vocabulary was taught through pictures and objects, while abstract vocabulary was taught by association of ideas† (Thanasoulas, 2011). The direct approach is therefore based on the theory that learning a second language shares practically the same concepts as learning the first language (Thanasoulas, 2011, par. 5 ). The basic framework, therefore, emphasizes the need for regular and frequent oral interaction, no translation, using the language with spontaneity, and as the minimal analytical application of grammatical rules and structures of syntax. As disclosed by Thanasoulas, â€Å"the principles of the Direct Method were as follows: (1) classroom instruction was conducted in the target language; (2) there was an inductive approach to grammar; (3) only everyday vocabulary was taught; and (4) concrete vocabulary was taught through pictures and objects, while abstract vocabulary was taught by association of ideas† (Thanasoulas, 2011).c. How might they be useful for your context and why? The approach can, therefore, be applicable and used in one’s personal context through frequent instruction and use of the second language one intends to learn where focus could be highlighted on everyday conversational language. The instructors could show pictures and visual illustrations of conc rete words to assist in familiarization; and as indicated, to grasp abstract words, the instructor could use more familiar words to associate the meanings to new and abstract concepts.  Ã‚  d. What are their limitations? As revealed and as eminent, the limitations and difficulties of this approach is the amount of time needed to learn the second language given the classroom type and time frame. To effectively use this approach, one must not be pressured by time and also by budget or financial constraints. For example, if English as a Second Language is determined to be learned using the direct approach, living longer in the United States and conversing frequently with this language as practical application is most preferred.

Medicinal Marijuana use in the United States Essay Example for Free

Medicinal Marijuana use in the United States Essay Although many individuals find medical marijuana illegal, and unnecessary, it is a natural herb used to help symptoms caused by chronic illnesses. Over three million Americans use medical marijuana. Medical marijuana is the most widely used drug used to treat chronic illnesses in seventeen states. The use of medical marijuana has been a controversial issue here in the United States. Although, there are healthcare professionals that do believe that the use of medical marijuana can be very beneficial for patients. Just as there are benefits associated with the use of medical marijuana there are also negative effects. Many American are still unfamiliar with Medical Marijuana, so what is medical marijuana? Medical marijuana also known as â€Å"cannabis sativa†(Harold E Dowieko 2009) is a naturally growing plant that produces tetra-hydrocannabinol and cannabidiol.(Harold E Dowieko 2009) These chemicals are both thought to have possible effects on lessening the bad side effects from chronic diseases. Medical marijuana has been used for health reasons for centuries. Marijuana was a legal herb in the United States until 1937 when the United States passed a law making it illegal to sell. (Kring, Davinson, Naele Johnson 2007) Marijuana was then made legal for medicinal use in 1995. The state of California was the first state in the United States to make marijuana legal for medical purposes. Medicinal marijuana is now legal in seventeen states. These states include; â€Å"Alaska, Arizona, California, Connecticut, Washington D.C., Delaware, Hawaii, Maine, Michigan, Montana, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, Oregon, Rhode Island, Vermont, and Washington state.† (â€Å"Thc.me History†, n.d.) In all of these state a patient can obtain a medical marijuana license, also referred to as a â€Å"green card,† from a licensed physician. Patients must have documentation stating what chronic illnesses they have that may require the need for medicinal marijuana. The physician will then decide if the use of marijuana will be beneficial. Medical marijuana has been proven to benefit patients who have multiple illnesses. The most common uses for medical marijuana are; pain relief, loss of appetite, depression, and diseases such as AIDS and cancer. TCH has been proven to block pain receptors in the brain. The blockage of these pain receptors allows patients dealing with chronic pain to have some relief. Medicinal marijuana also stimulates appetite, and relieves symptoms associated with depression, AIDS and cancer. This enables patients to not have to rely on the use of prescription pain pills such opiods. Meidcal marijuana is also less addictive, and has less physical side effects than other prescription pain relievers. Just as there are positive benefits associated with medical marijuana there are some health risks. First, marijuana is not regulated by the FDA. The FDA is the food and drug administration. They regulate medication and ensure the safety and risk associated with drugs. Without the FDA regulating medical marijuana there is no way for patients to know if they are getting correct information pertaining to the exact marijuana they are smoking, and if there may be additives or chemicals on the marijuana. This can be risky for patients, because marijuana comes in much different strength. The FDA has also found that dosing of medical marijuana is hard due to the effects taking around thirty minutes for patients to feel. The main health risk that medical marijuana has is psychological effects. According to Kring, Davinson, Naele, and Johnson â€Å" rapid shifts of emotion, to dull attention, to fragment thoughts, impair of memory, and sense that time is moving more slowly.† (Chapter 10) Kring, Davinson, Naele, and Johnson also stated â€Å"extremely heavy dosing has been found to induce hallucinations and other effects similar to those of LSD.† (Chapter 10)Another risk associated with medicinal cannabis is the harmful effect done to lungs. There have been many studies done that look at the respiratory risk associated with regular marijuana use. In one study done with the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey it concluded that the risk of respiratory illness does rise. Marijuana damages lungs just as smoke cigarettes. The last major health risk associated with medical marijuana is a lowered immune system. This can be very dangerous for patients that are dealing with cancer and AIDS. Since these patients already have very low immune systems because of their disease. Doctors prescribing medicinal marijuana must ensure that the benefits of marijuana use out ways the risks. Although a controversial issue in the United States medical marijuana does have many potential health benefits for patients with chronic illnesses. Statistics now show that eight out of ten Americans support the use of medicinal marijuana. This is because previously I have stated through studies done; the benefits of medical marijuana outweigh the risks associated with medical marijuana use. With already seventeen states in the United States allowing the legalization of medical marijuana. It is fair to say medical marijuana can be very helpful for patients who need it. Currently there are more states in the process of trying to legalize medical marijuana. Some say eventually marijuana as a whole will be a legal substance in the United States. In years to come as Americans we will see how medical marijuana plays a role in the pharmaceutical and medical fields. References Moore, B., Auguston, E., Moser, r. (2012, October). Respiratory Effects of Marijuana and Tobacco Use in a U.S. Sample Bostwick, M. (2012, February Day). Blurred Boundaries: The Therapeutics and Politics of Medical Marijuana. , p. . dowieko, h. E. (2009). Concepts of medical dependency (7th ed.). : cengage learning. Kring, A. M., Davinson, G. G., Naele, J. M., Johnson. S. L. (2007). Abnormal Psychology [University of Phoenix Custom Edition eBook]. : John Wiley and Sons INC.. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, website. THC.me History. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.thc.me